Film review

  • After Love

    Aleem Khan (2020)

    A devoted wife, recently widowed, discovers that her late husband had a secret life with another woman.  Writer-director Aleem Khan’s After Love, which screened at the London Film Festival, revitalises this familiar storyline – through cultural specificity and a superb performance from the versatile, fearless Joanna Scanlan.

    In the opening sequence, Fahima Hussain (Scanlan) and her British-Pakistani husband Ahmed (Nasser Memarzia) return to their Dover home after attending the aqiqah ­of a friend’s new grandchild.  (The aqiqah ceremony – a kind of post-natal baby shower – welcomes a Muslim newborn into the world.)  Fahima chats easily with Ahmed as she puts food in the fridge and makes tea.  Her husband goes into the living room and puts on music.  Unlike his wife’s face, Ahmed’s, even in the kitchen, is in shadow and hard to make out.  Once he sits in a chair in the living room, in the background of the frame, only his legs are visible.  Khan barely moves the camera throughout all this.  Although nothing apparently remarkable is happening, the unchanging shot pulls the viewer in, and thereby increases the impact of the scene’s climax.  When Fahima moves to the living room she finds Ahmed dead in his armchair.  The absorbing domestic normality is extinguished, silently and absolutely.

    Khan is succinct in situating Fahima in the subsequent ritual of mourning.  A large figure in white robes, she’s physically at its centre, flanked by dark-clothed women from Ahmed’s family.  Unlike them, she’s quiet and almost dry-eyed in expressing her grief.  After the funeral, Fahima sorts through her husband’s things.  She’s puzzled to find in his wallet the identity card of a French woman called Geneviève.  Fahima looks at the messages on Ahmed’s phone, and discovers texts exchanged with a woman of the same name.  Khan next shows Fahima on board a ferry, looking back to England.  The style of After Love changes sharply at this point, as Fahima sees part of the white cliffs of Dover collapse symbolically into the sea.

    Ahmed worked on the Dover-Calais ferries, and Geneviève lives in Calais.  Fahima books into a small Calais hotel and soon turns up at Geneviève’s house.  By coincidence, she’s moving elsewhere at the end of the week, and needs help with clearing out and packing up.  She assumes the unknown woman on her doorstep is the agency help she’s requested.  Until she converted to Islam and married Ahmed, Fahima’s name was Mary – the name she now gives when Geneviève asks for one.  (I’ll refer to her as Mary henceforth.)  By taking advantage of the crossed wires as to who she is, Mary gains access to the house for several days and discovers more about her husband’s secret life.  Its chief and most startling manifestation is Solomon (Talid Ariss) – Ahmed and Geneviève’s teenage son.

    Visual departures from reality like the collapsing cliffs are rare in the rest of After Love but it might be objected that the plotting, from the point that Mary travels to France, strains credibility.  I believed what was happening thanks to Aleem Khan’s skilful writing, and his lead player.  Mary is that rare screen character – someone whose isolation isn’t just a matter of convenience to the film-maker but is properly rooted in her particular identity.  Mary and Ahmed were teenage sweethearts.  Khan doesn’t need to make a big deal of their families’ opposition for the audience to believe how controversial an interracial relationship would have been in England forty-odd years ago.  Mary is now a childless woman in her late fifties.  Her social life is in the ethnic community into which she married.  She naturally assumes that none of Ahmed’s family knew his secret.  She really does have no one to confide in.

    Mary’s progress to Geneviève’s front door is persuasively tentative.  When she first phones Geneviève’s number and hears her voice, she can’t speak and the call ends.  In her hotel room mirror Mary practices introducing herself; when the moment actually arrives she’s again struck dumb.   It’s because she’s tongue-tied that Mary initially fails to correct Geneviève’s misunderstanding; because Geneviève is impatient and fast-talking she gives Mary time to realise the potential of subterfuge (which Joanna Scanlan’s face subtly registers).  It’s plausible, too, that Geneviève isn’t curious as to why a hijab-wearing British woman who speaks no French is working as an agency cleaner in Calais.  Geneviève, preoccupied with the imminent move, sees Mary as a means to that end.  Mary is very soon making herself useful.  That’s all Geneviève needs.

    And Joanna Scanlan’s eloquence is all the viewer needs to feel the weight on Mary of Ahmed’s betrayal.  For love of him, she made the transition to an alien religious tradition and a family life based in it.  In a foreign country just twenty-odd miles from his and Mary’s home, he’s had a second life not only secret but also secular.  Svelte, smart-casual Geneviève, who drinks, smokes and speaks good English, perfectly embodies this other world.  In the privacy of the hotel room Mary is emotionally and physically uncovered.  Even from a position of prostrate prayer her movement into abject sobbing is a remarkable collapse.  She examines her overweight body, particularly its stretch marks.  Later on, she looks at a photograph of her and Ahmed’s younger selves, with a baby.  Aleem Khan shows a sure and sensitive touch in revealing that Mary and Geneviève have motherhood in common, or, at least, had.  Mary and Ahmed’s only child died at four months old.

    Thirty-five-year-old Khan, whose first feature this is (he’s written and directed three short films), has worked things out with care.  Elements which are hard to swallow at first come to make sense.  For example, Geneviève continues sending texts to Ahmed, which go unanswered though not unseen by his widow.  It’s puzzling that Geneviève doesn’t show more than mild irritation at this until she mentions to Mary that Ahmed is bad at keeping in touch and ‘hardly ever here’.  Because of that, Geneviève sees other men – a source of considerable friction between her and Solomon, who keeps angrily insisting that he wants to live with his father instead.

    After Love gradually accumulates an extensive tangle of secrets and deceptions.  Mary didn’t know of the existence of Geneviève or Solomon.  They don’t know who she really is, or that Ahmed is dead.  Solomon isn’t aware his father has a wife in England; Geneviève is, but was told by Ahmed that she’s a Pakistani (and that they’ve never had children).  Solomon, thinking the house is empty, brings another boy home from school and they start making love.  When Solomon realises Mary’s there and has seen what’s going on, he furiously, fearfully orders her not to tell his mother.  For Mary, it’s a brutal irony that keeping secrets was a necessary part of her and Ahmed’s teenage courtship.  Ahmed’s family knows nothing of his double life, or of what Mary discovers.

    Solomon’s attitude to Mary is at first scornful and surly.  The growing antipathy between him and his mother helps give credibility to his warming to Mary and responding to the questions she needs answers to.  When she asks if he’s ever been to England he tells her only once, on a school day trip to Dover Castle.  While in Dover, he tried to get away from the school party and meet up with Ahmed, who was annoyed when Solomon contacted him; Mary assures him his father was probably just worried by the idea of Solomon going off alone in a place he didn’t know.  Khan’s handling of this part of the story is well judged, too.  He and Scanlan capture the tension between Mary’s anguish that Solomon even exists, growing feelings for him, and realisation that she can go only so far.  At one point, she oversteps the mark:  Mary doesn’t respond to Geneviève’s texts to Ahmed but can’t resist replying to one from Solomon.  This affectionate response, supposedly from Ahmed, gives Solomon false hope about moving in with his father.  Mary has to abort the text conversation, distressing Solomon in the process.

    On the eve of the house move, everything chez Geneviève is boxed up and ready to go.  Solomon’s mother is out (it’s implied with her latest man); when he says he’s hungry Mary unpacks a few things and prepares them an improvised Asian meal with what comes to hand – spinach, tortillas (substituting for roti), and so on.  Solomon praises the ‘delicious’ food and, watching how Mary handles it on her plate, tells her, ‘You eat like my Dad’.  It’s a lovely scene, pregnant with meaning, but it also proves unfortunately pivotal in the narrative.  This turning point is triggered by Geneviève’s arrival home.  She’s unsurprisingly irritated to find Mary still there when her services are no longer required, as well as by Solomon’s unaccustomed enthusiasm for an evening meal.  Mother and son are soon arguing; after Geneviève rudely and petulantly disparages the food (‘Needs more salt’), Solomon spits in her face, and Mary slaps Solomon’s.  She does so instinctively yet the slap feels improbably melodramatic – it’s the first in a series of false moves.

    Solomon storms out.  Shocked and angry, Geneviève asks Mary, ‘Who do you think you are?’  She gets her answer but not until the following day when Mary turns up at the new house and reveals all.  Geneviève chucks her out, after berating Mary for her deception.  I didn’t get why this showdown hadn’t happened in the immediate aftermath of the slap – except that that would have ruled out a second showdown.  Khan curiously omits Mary’s immediate reaction to Geneviève’s tirade.  Instead, the action switches back to England.  A scene of Mary attending another aqiqah gives way to one in a cemetery, where she visits Ahmed’s grave and, beside it, the grave of their son.  She looks up to see Geneviève and Solomon standing nearby.   Next thing, these two are guests in Mary’s home.  Khan gives no clue as to how this visit, and the implicit rapprochement that enables it, have come about.

    Solomon looks through things in Mary’s house, and finds cassette-tape recordings Ahmed made for Mary when they were young.  Mary’s angry distress when she hears one of the tapes playing is short-lived.  She decides to give the recording to Solomon.  It’s because After Love is, for the most part, so convincing that the unhappiness of the story feels acutely real.  To that extent, you’re grateful for the ‘healing’ conclusion even though you don’t believe it.  That said, the final embrace between Mary and Solomon, when she’s given him the recording of Ahmed’s voice, is moving, and the closing shot – of Mary, Geneviève and Solomon standing on the Dover cliffs – effective.  As in the opening scene, the shot is held for a long time – long enough for the viewer’s mind to stray into larger thoughts about cultural transition, immigration and the distance from Calais to Dover.

    All good things come to an end:  it’s a pity that, in the case of After Love, that happens ten minutes or so before it’s actually over.  But it certainly is a good thing for most of its running time.  Finely photographed by Alexander Dynan and discreetly scored by Chris Roe, this debut feature leaves you eager to see what Aleem Khan will do next.  I wanted to watch his film at the first opportunity because I already felt that way about Joanna Scanlan – especially in light of her work in Pin Cushion (2017).  It’s an understatement to say that, after After Love, the feeling is the same.

    18 October 2020

  • Nomadland

    Chloé Zhao (2020)

    Jessica Bruder’s Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century, published in 2017, is a work of non-fiction.  Chloé Zhao’s adaptation of the book is harder to define.  Nomadland, which screened at the London Film Festival after European and North American premieres at the Venice and Toronto festivals respectively, is technically a drama but its quasi-documentary aspect is more than a matter of style.  Like the real-life people in Bruder’s account, most characters in the film are Americans travelling the country to find work.  The cast members playing them actually are ‘nomads’ of this kind, not professional actors.  Zhao’s screenplay may involve them in some fictional storylines but the performers concerned, to all intents and purposes, are being themselves.  Each nomad character shares their name with the person taking the part.  Except for one – Frances McDormand is a woman called Fern, and Zhao’s version of Nomadland is chiefly her story.

    The nomads, in many cases, lost money and property in the 2008 financial crash.  They drive from state to state, in the camper vans that are now their homes, looking for seasonal jobs – in the bars and kitchens of tourist spots, crop harvests, a vast Amazon warehouse on the run-up to Christmas.  Fern and her husband, Bo, were residents of the town of Empire, Nevada, a place that economic change really has wiped from the map.  On-screen text at the start of Nomadland explains that falling demand caused US Gypsum, which owned Empire, to close its plant there in 2011.  Soon afterwards, the local ZIP code was discontinued.  While her husband worked in the Empire gypsum plant, Fern did various jobs, including supply teaching and HR admin.  Now widowed, she lives in a dilapidated van, though she’s made resourceful use of the small space and found room for a few cherished mementoes.  Zhao’s narrative follows a little over twelve months in Fern’s nomadic existence, from shortly before one Christmas to just after the next New Year but one.

    As a newcomer to this world, Fern acts as the viewer’s proxy.  Most of the first hour of Nomadland (which runs 108 minutes in total) comprises a description of an unusual way of life, introducing individuals who typify it.  Fern is assigned three mentors – Linda (Linda May), Swankie (Charlene Swankie) and Bob (Bob Wells).  Like Fern, they, and others among the travellers, are senior citizens – a reminder of the demographic of many victims of the ‘Great Recession’.  It’s natural to see these people as latter-day kin to the itinerant families in The Grapes of Wrath though some of them evidently prefer to keep on the move or are survivors of the 1960s counterculture:  Bob Wells, for example, is a longstanding nomad and stalwart anti-capitalist.  Nomadland, distinctive as a road movie through its focus on a persisting community, nevertheless reflects some standard features of the genre.  The protagonist has a series of one-off or temporary encounters.  The changing seasons and geography allow for sustained, expressive cinematography (by Joshua James Richards) of various landscapes.  (The continuity of Ludovico Einaudi’s subtly emotive music, not written originally for the film, complements these visuals effectively.)

    Frances McDormand isn’t the only acting pro in Nomadland.  David Strathairn is Dave, a fellow traveller who takes a shine to Fern.  Strathairn’s son, Tay, plays Dave’s son, James, whose unexpected appearance on the scene leads Dave to give up his peripatetic life.  There’s a cameo from Cat Clifford, who has appeared in both of Chloé Zhao’s previous features, which include the widely-praised The Rider (2017).  But McDormand is in nearly every scene and the success of the film doubly depends on her.  She has to hold it together, and the audience’s attention.  She also needs to harmonise with the non-actor cast she often shares scenes with.  It’s probably fair to say that no American actress is better equipped than McDormand to take on this challenge, and the result is entirely successful.  Regardless of the camera’s scrutiny, you never catch her doing anything phony.  Even when Fern recites from memory ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’ (the whole sonnet), the result is fresh, deeply felt and not in the least actorly.  In this role, McDormand, not for the first time, illuminates apparent ordinariness, makes uncomplaining decency compelling.

    The later stages of the film, which concentrate increasingly on Fern, have a more conventional shape.   She develops a wary, low-key friendship with Dave.  His son suddenly turns up while both are working at Wall Drug in South Dakota – Dave as a chef, Fern waiting tables.  It transpires Dave is now a grandfather; a while later, he decides to move in with James, his wife and their baby.  Dave’s very keen for Fern to visit, which she does for the family’s Thanksgiving celebrations.  He clearly wants her to stay for good but he must realise, as the audience does, that’s not going to happen.  By now, Fern prefers her cold camper to the warm bedroom on offer in James’s house.  She takes her leave early one morning before anyone else has surfaced.

    When her van breaks down, she can’t afford the repair bill and visits her younger, married sister Dolly (Melissa Smith) to ask for a loan.  The meeting also yields more of Fern’s backstory, for which this viewer was by now hungry.  According to Dolly, Fern always had itchy feet when they were growing up: she left their parents’ home at the first opportunity.  She then met, wed and settled down with Bo, to spend decades in the same house in the same town.  The implication that childless Fern’s inherent wanderlust has returned since she lost her irreplaceable husband is credible.  Near the end of the film, Fern makes a melancholy pilgrimage to what used to be Empire, Nevada – a ghost town in a vividly immediate sense – and her home there.  After jettisoning further possessions, she drives off to her next destination.  The closing titles are preceded by Chloé Zhao’s dedication of the film to the people it’s about, concluding in a phrase used several times in the course of the story, ‘See you down the road’.

    Nomadland has already won the Venice Golden Lion and the Toronto audience award.  It looks set for plenty more prizes, probably including a third Best Actress Oscar for Frances McDormand.  The film is impressive both technically (Zhao herself did the fluent editing) and thematically.  It’s difficult to fault on its own terms but I must confess to finding it increasingly hard work and eventually frustrating.  While it’s good to see a film-maker well disposed towards her characters, Zhao’s liking for hers comes at the cost of their human complexity (with the qualified exception of Fern).  Zhao very reasonably sees the nomads as a group living at the margins of society whose story it’s vital to tell.  But her sympathy and admiration deprive them of flaws or mixed motives, and denude the narrative of chafe and conflict.  No one seems to have an alcohol problem or utters a word of bad language.  David Strathairn, like McDormand, integrates skilfully with the non-professional cast but I wished he’d had the chance to go beyond that.  Fern’s three mentors, and other nomads, are arresting camera subjects.  Each in turns says her or his piece but I wanted know more about them.  If this film was a genuine documentary, the director would have wanted – might well have demanded – the same.

    When Dave hastily picks up a cardboard box containing Fern’s treasured china, the bottom falls through and crockery smashes on the ground:  it’s almost a relief when Fern is briefly angry.  On the visit to her sister, she disagrees with Dolly’s husband and his friends as they talk about the housing market.  Here too, you’re grateful just that the heroine has raised her voice – though Chloé Zhao probably means us to feel, rather, that Fern has got her sense of priorities right and the men concerned haven’t.

    ‘Imagine no possessions

    I wonder if you can

    No need for greed or hunger

    A brotherhood of man’

    I’ve always found the vision of ‘Imagine’ off-putting.  The opening words, ‘Imagine there’s no heaven’, lead into description of a wanly monotonous world that calls to mind traditional complaints about heaven (sitting on a cloud playing a harp all day must be boring, etc).  As a piece of drama, Nomadland is something of a cinematic equivalent to ‘Imagine’.  Also like John Lennon’s song, it could become a classic.

    16 October 2020

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